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Aim: With the Covid-19 outbreak, it has been observed that people wanted to receive healthcare services remotely. In other words, people wanted to reach healthcare services or healthcare professionals from their homes without going to the hospital. Thus, this study aimed to determine how telemedicine-online health services of private hospitals are handled on websites and social media channels. Material(s) and Method(s): Data was collected by conducting qualitative content analysis to the websites and corporate social media of hospitals in Istanbul, the city where the most private hospitals in Turkey are located. Overall, 608 data from 76 hospitals were analysed using the thematic analysis method. Result(s): When the analysis of the information was received a total of 8 themes emerged. These were divided into thematic codes as the telemedicine-online health service status, including the number of hospital beds, the content of written, visuals etc. posts, features of the branches of the application and details of other online health services. Discussion(s): The use of telemedicine-online health services in private hospitals is found to be at the initial stage and written and visual posts are insufficient. The information collected can help determine the current situation and contribute to private hospitals when determining new strategies.Copyright © 2021, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Aim: The aim of this research is to analyze the pediatric COVID-19 literature published in Turkey and to guide future research. Material(s) and Method(s): Between 11.03.2010 and 11.12.2022, the Web of Science (WoS) All Databases collection was searched for publications related to COVID-19 and pediatric patients. The keywords used during this search were coronavirus-19, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, pandemic, and/or pediatric, pediatric, children, child. After this search, the selected publications were scanned one by one to determine whether they were suitable for the present study. Authors, organizations, journals, document types, distribution of publications by years (months), most used keywords were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) All Databases collection. Descriptive analyzes were made from all these obtained data. Result(s): The number of COVID-19 publications originating from Turkey in the field of pediatrics was determined as 375. 48.2% of all publications were published in 2022. These 375 publications were published in 167 different journals. In these publications, the most active author, journal and organization were Yasemin Ozsurekci, Turkish Archives of Pediatrics and University of Health Sciences, Turkey, respectively. The most commonly used keywords were ''child, patient, pandemic, SARS-CoV and vaccine. The most active document types were research articles (295 (78.6%)), editorial materials (15 (4.0%)), letters (43 (11.5%)) and review articles (22 (5.9%)). Discussion(s): We analyzed all articles about COVID-19 from Turkey in the field of pediatrics published so far in the WoS Databases collection. It is obvious that a large literature has emerged in our country on pediatric patients, although not as much as in adults. The long-term adverse effects of the pandemic on pediatric practice and especially on children will need to be evaluated in more detail in future research.Copyright © 2023, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the knowledge level of pharmacists working in Turkey about COVID-19 Material(s) and Method(s): The online questionnaire consisting of 16 questions in the form of true-false, developed by the authors after a comprehensive review of the literature, was delivered to pharmacists via social media and professional platforms (such as WhatsApp, Gmail, Instagram, LinkedIn) using the Google form. 364 pharmacists from all over Turkey who filled out the questionnaire were included in the study. Result and Discussion: In this study carried out in Turkey, it was determined that 99.5% of the pharmacists had good knowledge. When the factors affecting the level of knowledge of COVID-19 were examined, in our study, no relationship was found with the independent variables since the level of knowledge was homogeneously high. In the literature, it is reported that age, years of professional experience, having a master's and doctorate education are associated with better knowledge, while the length of experience is associated with the level of knowledge, while in some studies it is stated that no feature is related. However, the fact that it is a cross-sectional study creates a limitation in explaining the cause-effect relationship. Although the number of participants met the sample, it would have been desirable to have more.Copyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
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The earthquake has long-lasting various mental and behavioral effects on children and adolescents. The aim of this review was to discuss the nature and extent of psychiatric problems, management options, and the process of organizing psychological interventions for affected children. Individuals show a range of physically, emotionally, and cognitively healthy responses that can help them cope with the aftermath of a disaster. Psychiatric symptoms such as acute stress reactions, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, increased risk of suicide, sleep disorders, substance use disorders, and psychotic disorders may develop in some children. Comorbidities and sub-clinical syndromes are also common. There are many risk factors and protective factors in the development of mental disorders. Close follow-up of children at high risk and interventions for psychosocial support may prevent the development of mental disorders. It is very important to start the intervention at the earliest period. The psychological impacts of young disaster victims can be addressed by skilled local volunteers, medical professionals, and educators in primary health care programs. With the nation's overall social and economic recovery, children can recover more quickly from traumatic experiences.Copyright © 2023, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Despite several studies, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on patients with multiple myeloma remains uncertain. Material(s) and Method(s): We performed a survey that covered the period of the first and second waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in 23 centers inseven countries. Out of 352 patients with myeloma and SARS-CoV-2, 23% died. Results/Conclusions: Logistic regression showed a lower risk of death among patients treated with proteasome inhibitor and a higher risk of death for those who had a severe or a very severe course of disease.Copyright © 2023 Sciendo. All rights reserved.
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Objectives: Development of new and repurposed medicines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred at an unprecedented rate, resulting in a dynamic pipeline marked by significant challenges and successes. This analysis provides an overview of the vaccines and therapies undergoing clinical evaluation or with recent approval for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in global markets. Method(s): For this analysis, COVID-19 pipeline medicines are defined in three categories: vaccines, new treatments and repurposed medicines. GlobalData is the primary data source for this study, in addition to online databases from Health Canada, the US FDA, and the EMA. International markets examined include the US and geographic Europe (excluding Russia and Turkey). Result(s): As of November 2022, the global pipeline contained over 600 therapies and vaccines undergoing Phase I, II, III clinical trials or pre-registration for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive and repurposed medicines include antivirals, immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapies, and convalescent plasma. In Canada, twelve medicines, including six vaccines, have been approved for COVID-19. The number of global approvals is greater, with approximately 9 vaccines on the market in OECD countries. In addition to pre-exposure preventative therapies, manufacturers are also developing COVID-19 drugs to be used as prophylactic therapy. The analysis identifies new oral antiviral treatments and preventative therapies in the pipeline and under review in various jurisdictions globally. Conclusion(s): This research provides a clearer picture of the characteristics and evolution of the market for new and emerging COVID-19 medicines, which will help policy-makers and other stakeholders understand and anticipate the unique pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © 2023
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Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of Covid-19 pandemic to the pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies in Turkey. Material(s) and Method(s): This research is a descriptive study. In the study, a quantitative research questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used. Questionnaires were delivered to the volunteers online. Participants were informed and participated in the study if they gave their consent with an informed consent form. Result and Discussion: It is understood that the community pharmacists in Turkey provide their pharmacy services with great devotion during the pandemic process, but they also cope with many problems. In particular, giving the masks free of charge through community pharmacies increased the workload of pharmacists and caused some disruptions in pharmacy services, in addition, the crowd of the citizens in pharmacies to buy masks increased the risk of social distancing and the possibility of transmission. Major problems faced by community pharmacists during the pandemic;Due to the high demand for personal protective equipment and hygiene materials, the increase in workload, the need for personnel, taking measures with their own means to protect against disease, not delivering drugs and products needed by the society on time, economic and / or social support, especially for the pharmacists have economic problems It is one of the important results of the study that the existence of a national emergency action plan will guide community pharmacists in combating this pandemic of unprecedented magnitudeCopyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
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Background: The One Health concept (OHC) seeks to improve the health of plants, animals, and humans because improving animal and plant health will increase the capacity for improving human health. Many risks such as plant and animal biotechnology applications have the potential to generate new diseases that can be transmitted to humans. In this way, the health of humans, animals, and plants is interrelated and depends on one another. However, it has been difficult to apply the OHC in some countries, such as those in the Middle East. The absence of financial support in the region is a major hindrance to applying this concept in the region. The application of the OHC requires the support of specialists who can advocate the government for support in launching OHC-related projects. Here, we discuss the OHC in the context of antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic diseases, and biosafety/biosecurity, which are important public health issues. Furthermore, we describe the current status of the OHC in the Middle East and recent research conducted related to this concept. There has been recent international solidarity in the application of the OHC to reduce risks that threaten the health of organisms. Several countries jointly launched the Global Health Security Agenda in 2014 with the aim of realizing a world that is free of infectious disease-related health risks. However, no previous review articles have examined the applications of the OHC in the Middle East region. This article discusses the OHC in terms of its needs and current applications in the Middle East. Methodology: The following keywords were used in the search: "One Health," "Middle East," "medicinal plants," "viruses," "rabies," "MERS," and "antimicrobial resistance." Related papers were obtained by searching for these keywords using available search engines, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google search, as well as international organization websites. Conclusion(s): The concept of One Health is relatively new and has not been applied in most countries, possibly because the value of this concept for improving human health is not well understood. The key principle defining this concept and its importance is the interdependency of plants, animals, and human health. By applying the OHC, humans can benefit from healthy plants and animals by enhancing their growing conditions, medications, and environments. This would in turn improve general human health by allowing the safe extraction of therapeutics and food resources.Copyright © 2023
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in December 2019, and shortly after pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its unstoppable global spread. Considerable amount of effort has beenput around the World in order to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Inactivated and RNA vaccines have already passed phase three studies showing sufficient efficacy and safety, respectively. Nowadays, there is a noticeable dominance of SARS-CoV-2 variants with various mutations over the wild type SARS-CoV-2. However, there is no report showing the efficacy of these vaccines on these variants. This case study describes a thirty-eight-year-old male reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant following two doses of inactive CoronaVac administration with a protective level of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. The variant analysis of the virus reported to be positive for N501Y mutation.This is the first case in the literature demonstrating that inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine might have a lower efficacy on alpha variant.Copyright © 2022 Cenk Serhan Ozverel et al., published by Sciendo.
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Objectives: D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product resulting from the degradation of fibrin polymers by plasmin. Although its main use is the evaluation of thromboembolic events, it is also used as an indicator of inflammation. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in its use as a biomarker. In this study, it was aimed to calculate the measurement uncertainty of D-dimer measured by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (PETIA). Materials-Methods: D-dimer measurements were made with the PETIA method (Improgen, Turkey) on the CoagXL (Diagon, Hungary) device installed in the Kulu State Hospital Laboratory. Uncertainty due to calibration and calibrator bias was calculated by running the Procal-D-dimer-DDI0511 (Improgen, Turkey) calibrator 10 times. Serocon external quality control data of the last 3 months were used for uncertainty arising from external quality control. Uncertainty due to repeatability was calculated using internal quality control data from the last 60 days studied with Serocon DDIM. Result(s): For D-dimer test, uncertainty due to repeatability was calculated as 0.0168, squared of uncertainty due to external quality control as 0.0123, uncertainty due to calibration 0.0250, and uncertainty due to calibrator deviation 0.0195. The standard uncertainty (uc) was 0.116 and the expanded uncertainty (%U) was calculated as 23%. Conclusion(s): In this study, the measurement uncertainty of the D-Dimer test measured by the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay was calculated as 23%. Interpretation by taking this measurement uncertainty into account, especially at medical decision levels, will contribute to the use of the measurement result for the benefit of the patient.
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Objective: Vaccination is an important measure for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate parents' attitudes toward vaccinating themselves and their children. We also searched whether information about the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a severe complication of COVID-19, could change parents' decisions on vaccinating their children. Method(s): A questionnaire form consisting of sociodemographic features, COVID-19 vaccination practices, and knowledge about MIS-C was applied to parents of children attending Bezmialem Vaklf University Hospital from March through June 2022. Factors affecting vaccine hesitancy were evaluated. Result(s): Among 383 parents, COVID-19 history was present in 248 (64.8%), and 165 (43.1%) were hesitant to vaccinate themselves. The number of cases where both parents had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine was 256/354 (72.3%). The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccines being new in 53/165 (32.1%) and fears of side effects in 95/165 (57.6%). Parents' hesitation toward vaccination of their children with the COVID-19 vaccine was highest for the 0 to 6 age group (78.9%) (73.6% in the 6-12 age group, and 47.3% in the 12-18 age group). In total, 365/383 (95.3%) parents did not have an opinion about MIS-C. After information was given, 62.5% of the 302 participants who opposed vaccinating children under 6 years changed their decision to have their children vaccinated. Conclusion(s): Although routine childhood vaccinations were performed in 99% of children, more than half of parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority did not have an opinion about MIS-C. Briefings by pediatricians about complications of COVID-19 will help avoid vaccine hesitancy. Copyright © 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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Background: Sexual health is an important component of general health. Objective(s): To evaluate sexual function and sexual quality of life (SQOL) in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. Data were collected via a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. Result(s): The mean FSFI score was 26.91+/-5.62, and 39.1% of the women had an FSFI score of 26.55 or lower. The mean SQOL-F score was 79.08+/-20.90. FSFI score was significantly associated with employment status (beta=-0.661), partner education (beta=1.698), sexual compatibility between partners (beta=0.518), sexual satisfaction (beta=0.230), fatigue level (beta=-0.120), and frequen-cy of sexual intercourse (beta=0.160). In addition, SQOL-F score was significantly associated with sexual desire (beta=2.625), satisfaction (beta=1.338), pain or discomfort (beta=1.274), age (beta=-0.356), sexual compatibility between partners (beta=1.984), and fatigue level (beta=-0.981) (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): Less than half of the women participating in this study had sexual dysfunction, and overall SQOL was moderate to high. These results were associated with some descriptive characteristics of the women and were similar to those reported in pre-pandemic studies conducted in Turkey.Copyright © The Authors.
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Background: Mental health problems experienced during pregnancy negatively affect both maternal and fetal wellbeing. Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy distress in healthy pregnant women living in Turkey. Method(s): A descriptive, relational/cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 363 pregnant women in person. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS). Result(s): The mean FCV-19S score was 19.03+/-5.65 and the mean TPDS score was 19.97+/-7.97. According to the TPDS cut-off score, 19.0% of the participants were at risk of pregnancy distress. There was a significant positive correlation between FCV-19S and TPDS scores (r = 0.263, p<0.05). According to the regression analysis, age (beta=-0.217), years of education (beta=-0.272), and number of births (beta= 0.502) were associated with fear of COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19 was associated with TPDS scores (beta= 0.369) (p<0.05). Conclusion(s): The pregnant women in this study had moderate fear of COVID-19. Compared to the literature data, the prevalence of pregnancy distress was slightly higher than pre-COVID-19 reports but quite low compared to other studies conducted during the pandemic.Copyright © 2023 Mamuk R et al.
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Home accidents can cause serious injuries, disabilities, and deaths. Approximately 40 million people were treated in hospitals annually because of injuries occurring in homes, and these injuries were responsible for approximately 76% of preventable deaths. The aims of this study are to compare the home accidents in the one-year period during the pandemic and the home accidents in the one-year period before the pandemic, and to reveal how the home accidents are affected in which part of the home and in which types of injuries. A retrospective study was made of the records of patients injured in home accidents between pre-pandemic and pandemic one-year periods. The patients were classified according to age groups, gender, season, day and time of the home accident, accident type, part of the home, trauma localization and type, and severity of injuries. While 46.5% of the 581 injured patients were before the pandemic, 53.5% were in the pandemic period. The injuries increased as the number of households staying at home increased compared to the pre-pandemic period. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the number of falls from balconies and windows during the pandemic period. It is still not possible to make a definite prediction about the course of the pandemic. In this context, it is of great importance to provide information on prevention from home accidents, especially in television programs and distance education activities.Copyright © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
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The proceedings contain 75 papers. The topics discussed include: development of different product groups in the cleaning industry with synthesized nanosilver;investigation of the antimetastatic potential of thymbra spicata in human breast adenocarcinoma cells combined with standard chemotherapy;the effect of toll-interancing protein on inflammatory status of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line;surgery and inflammation: surgical inflammation;biochemistry of inflammation;its mediators and activities;pathophysiology of inflammation;classic and new biomarkers of inflammation;thymol reduces the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney inflammation by modulating lysosomal stress;metabolic shift of the kynurenine pathway in inflammatory conditions;and evaluation of HBA1C level in patients with COVID-19.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze Turkey's blood collection efficiency at the regional level between 2018 and 2021 and discuss managerial implications. Design/methodology/approach: The authors utilize data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency scores of the 18 regions for which the Turkish Red Crescent is responsible. The data set is obtained from the General Directorate of Blood Services in the Turkish Red Crescent. Finding(s): The results reveal that the efficient regions over the years did not substantially change, and regions that were consistently efficient for a four-year period are identified. Another finding is that COVID-19 did not affect the blood collection efficiency of the regions. Moreover, the findings illustrate that concentrating on the operations would contribute more to the blood collection efficiency than changing the scale size. Furthermore, the authors observe that the service population is by far the most important variable in determining the efficiency of the regions. Originality/value: In this study, the authors present a multi-dimensional perspective on the performance evaluation of blood collection operations. In addition, the authors present blood bank managers' feedback on the performance evaluation model, outlining managerial implications. Furthermore, the authors explore the effects of the pandemic on blood collection in Turkey and illustrate the changes in efficiency throughout a distinct period that incorporates the pandemic. The study would provide a guide for blood bank managers to improve the performance of their organizations.Copyright © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Background & Objective: Covid-19 infection has diverse effect on human health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the young stroke cases in an emergency services in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Method: A total of 86 patients younger than 50 years confirmed to have stroke seen between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. The year 2019 was defined as the pre-pandemic period and the year 2020 as the pandemic period. The patients' stroke type, localization, mortality, laboratory and imaging data were evaluated. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the study. The mean age was 38.69±5.39 years, 49 (57%) were female. Of the patients, 78 (90.7%) were ischemic and 8 (9.3%) were hemorrhagic stroke. In the pandemic group, ischemic stroke was observed in 55 (96.5%) and hemorrhagic stroke in 2 (3.5%) (p=0.010). While the mean age of the patients in the survival group was 39.24±5.70 years, it was 36.61±3.38 years in the mortality group (p=0.008). While the mortality was 18 (20.9%) overall, it was 16 (18.6%) patients during the pandemic period, and 2 (2.3%) patients in the pre-pandemic period, the difference was statistically significant. (p=0.014). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection appear to increase the risk of ischemic stroke and worsens the mortality among the young. More comprehensive and prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation. © 2023, ASEAN Neurological Association. All rights reserved.
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Aim: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only create international concern, but also caused panic, fear, and an increase in mental health problems among individuals. Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), developed by Ahorsu, was previously reported as a valid psychometric instrument for the assessment of COVID-19 fear among individuals. Validation of the scale among other high-risk groups like pregnant women may help obstetricians develop better coping skills during the pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): This cross-sectional methodological study included 277 pregnant women admitted for routine follow-up at the outpatient obstetrics clinic of Liv Ankara Hospital, Turkey. Participants were asked to complete the Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and FCV-19S. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software. Result(s): The mean FCV-19S score was 19.2+/-5.7 (range: 7-35). Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency evaluating the reliability of FCV-19S, was 0.857, revealing a satisfactory internal consistency. According to the correlation matrix analysis, all items of FCV-19S showed positive and strong correlations with total FCV-19S scores (p<0.001), and positive and moderate correlations with HADS scores (p<0.001). Discussion(s): Turkish version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable clinical tool to assess the anxiety of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.Copyright © 2023, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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In December 2019, a novel coronavirus outbreak spread rapidly all over the world. The virus is known to be neuroinvasive, but much is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to pres-ent the main neurologic symptoms in patients who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study was conducted retrospectively by phoning 156 patients in Turkey diagnosed with COVID-19 through real-time polymerase chain reaction;only 100 patients could be reached. Data about their demographics, initial symptoms, neurological symptoms, and sleeping habits were collected. During the disease process, 66% had at least one neurological symptom, 55% had central nervous system symptoms, 42% had peripheral nervous system symptoms, and 64% had sleep disturbances and myalgia. Impaired consciousness, smell and taste impairments, and sleep disturbances were significantly higher in patients with positive chest computed tomography imaging (p < 0.05). Neurological symptoms were observed in COVID-19, as in other coronaviruses. Headache in particular was the most common symptom in our population. In patients with respiratory system findings, the detec-tion of certain neurological symptoms such as smell-taste impairments, impaired consciousness, and sleep disorders were more common. We concluded that COVID-19 patients should be approached in a more holistic way, taking the nervous system into account.Copyright © 2022, Dr. Mladen Stojanovic University Hospital. All rights reserved.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the reorganisation of healthcare services, and the implementation of contingency plans impacted Primary Health Care (PHC) workers' daily demands. The training and support of health workers staff, its clinical, psychological and social support are additional challenges. Research question: How have PHC services responded to the pandemic and how has this impacted PHC workers regarding anxiety levels? Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of Primary Care Services workers from 7 European countries (Portugal, Spain, Bosnia, Italy, Turkey, Ukraine and France) using an online questionnaire. Ethical aspects were guaranteed. We collected information on gender, age, professional group, perceived support, access to personal protective equipment (PPE), overall pressure felt by professionals and their anxiety levels by March 2020 and May 2021. The association between each variable and anxiety were estimated through multivariate logistic regression. Result(s): Our sample comprised 1045 PHC workers (73.8% female, mean age 44.8 years;49.6% doctors). Almost 70% of participants claimed to monitor suspected COVID-19 patients and 66.5% reported a risk management protocol was in place. In March 2020, 54% of participants reported little/no PPEs availability, whereas in May 2021 76% stated PPEs were available/very available. About 65% of the participants feel high/extreme pressure at their work. High/extreme anxiety levels were reported by 54.1% in March 2020 and 38.3% in May 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling supported regarding personal problems and encouraged to maintain social interactions was associated with lower anxiety levels (adjusted OR =0.292, p=0.009;adjusted OR =0.390, p=0.012). Conclusion(s): Despite perceived high work-related pressure levels, PHC services adapted to the pandemic demands by implementation of risk management plans. PHC workers anxiety levels reduced from March 2020 to May 2021. Feeling encouraged to maintain social interactions and supported regarding personal problems decreased the likelihood of anxiety.